Anal Fistular Surgery

Introduction

An anal fistula is an abnormal connection between the anal canal and the skin near the anus. It is usually the result of an infection in an anal gland. Anal fistulas are often accompanied by pain, swelling, and discharge. Fistula surgery is performed to treat anal fistulas that do not heal on their own or with medical treatment. The procedure involves removing the fistula tract and closing the opening between the anal canal and the skin near the anus.

Why is it done?

The symptoms of an anal fistula include:

• Pain and swelling near the anus

• Discharge of pus or blood from the anus

• Itching or irritation around the anus

• Fever and chills, if the infection is severe

Surgical Options

The surgical options for anal fistula surgery depend on the location and severity of the fistula. Some of the most common surgical procedures include:

• Fistulotomy: This procedure involves cutting open the fistula tract and allowing it to heal from the inside out.

• Fistulectomy: This procedure involves removing the entire fistula tract.

• Seton placement: This involves placing a small piece of material, called a seton, through the fistula tract to keep it open and allow it to heal.

• LIFT procedure: This procedure involves making a small incision near the anus and using a special tool to remove the fistula tract.

Recovery

The recovery time for anal fistula surgery depends on the type of procedure performed. In general, patients can expect to experience some discomfort and swelling for a few days after surgery. Most patients are able to return to work and normal activities within a week or two, although strenuous activity should be avoided for several weeks.